Persistent pulmonary abnormalities after 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe persistent pulmonary abnormalities detected on HRCT after 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and to determine their extension and correlation with pulmonary function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with an initial cohort of 90 patients in follow-up due to persisting lung abnormalities on imaging, functional respiratory impairment and/or respiratory symptoms. Of these, 31 (34%) were selected for analysis due to the persistence of their lung abnormalities on HRCT at 18 months after infection. A double reading was performed for each HRCT (62 observations). RESULTS: Of the 31 patients included: 20 (65%) were men; mean age was 67 years; 17 (55%) were smokers/ex-smokers. The mean hospitalisation time was 38 days. Eighteen (58%) patients were admitted to intensive care units. Five patients (16%) suffered an acute pulmonary thromboembolism and three (9.7%) had a pneumothorax. The mean time between the onset of pneumonia and the follow-up HRCT was 20.34 months. Nineteen percent of patients suffered from total lung function abnormalities; and ground-glass opacities and reticulation were present in 12% and 4.5% respectively. The findings of the 62 readings were: ground-glass opacities (100%), reticulation (83%), subpleural curvilinear lines (62%), parenchymal bands (34%), traction bronchiectasis (69%), displacement of vessels/fissures (46%) and honeycombing (4.9%). Pulmonary function 18 months after the acute episode revealed a mean FVC of 92% of predicted value, with an FVC < 80% of predicted value in 11 patients (35.4%). Mean DLCO was 71% of predicted value, with a DLCO < 80% in 22 patients (70%). We observed a statistically significant relationship between total lung function abnormalities on HRCT and FVC (P < 0.05), and a trend towards statistical significance with DLCO (P = 0.051); there was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of ground-glass opacities and FEV1/FVC (P < 0.01). The relationships between reticulation and FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1% and DLCO% were also considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Persistent interstitial lung abnormalities are seen on HRCT for a subset of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Seventy percent of these patients suffered a slight decrease in DLCO.

Mortality and sequelae of tuberculous meningitis in a high-resource setting: A cohort study, 1990–2017 / Mortalidad y secuelas de la meningitis tuberculosa en Barcelona (España): Estudio de cohortes, 1990-2017

Introduction: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most serious form of tuberculosis, results in high mortality and long-term disability in low-resource countries. We investigated temporal trends in mortality and sequelae in a high-resource low-incidence country. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients with TBM at two third-level teaching hospitals in Barcelona (Spain), between January 1990 and December 2017, assessing temporal trends in mortality and sequelae after 12 months over four consecutive 7-year time windows. Rates observed across the four periods were adjusted for covariates. Results: Of the 135 cases included, all but one started tuberculosis (TB) treatment and 120 (89.6%) received rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide, with or without ethambutol. The probability of being alive at month 12 was 81.8%, with no differences among the four periods: in comparison with the 1990–1996 period, the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.55 (0.71–9.25), 0.70 (0.13–3.85), and 1.29 (0.28–5.91) for the 1997–2003, 2004–2010, and 2011–2017 periods respectively. Sequelae were present in 28.3% at month 12, with no differences across the four periods in the adjusted analysis: in comparison with the 1990–1996 period, the odds ratios and 95% CIs were 0.80 (0.09–7.22); 1.94 (0.21–17.96), and 2.42 (0.25–23.07) for the 1997–2003, 2004–2010, and 2011–2017 periods respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that TBM still causes high mortality and disability even in a high-resource low-incidence TB setting and without improvement over time.(AU)

Introducción: La meningitis tuberculosa (TBM), la forma más grave de tuberculosis, provoca una alta mortalidad y discapacidad a largo plazo en países con bajos recursos. Nuestro objetivo es investigar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad y las secuelas en un país con recursos elevados y baja incidencia. Métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de los pacientes adultos con TBM en dos hospitales universitarios de tercer nivel en Barcelona (España), entre 1990 y 2017, evaluando las tendencias temporales de mortalidad y secuelas a los 12 meses, comparando cuatro periodos consecutivos de siete años. Las tasas observadas en los cuatro periodos se han ajustado por covariables. Resultados: De los 135 casos incluidos, todos menos uno inició tratamiento antituberculoso y 120 (89,6%) recibieron rifampicina, isoniazida y pirazinamida, con o sin etambutol. La probabilidad de estar vivo a los 12 meses fue de 81,8%, sin diferencias entre los cuatro periodos: en comparación con el periodo 1990-1996, los coeficientes de riesgo ajustados y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% fueron 2,55 (0,71-9,25), 0,70 (0,13-3,85) y 1,29 (0,28-5,91) para los periodos 1997-2003, 2004-2010 y 2011-2017, respectivamente. Las secuelas estaban presentes en 28,3% en el mes 12, sin diferencias entre los cuatro periodos en el análisis ajustado: en comparación con el periodo 1990-1996, los coeficientes de probabilidad y los IC 95% fueron 0,80 (0,09-7,22); 1,94 (0,21-17,96) y 2,42 (0,25-23,07) para los periodos 1997-2003, 2004-2010 y 2011-2017, respectivamente. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra que la TBM todavía causa una alta mortalidad y discapacidad sin mejoría con el tiempo, incluso en un entorno con baja incidencia de tuberculosis y con elevados recursos.(AU)

Mortality and sequelae of tuberculous meningitis in a high-resource setting: A cohort study, 1990-2017.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most serious form of tuberculosis, results in high mortality and long-term disability in low-resource countries. We investigated temporal trends in mortality and sequelae in a high-resource low-incidence country. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients with TBM at two third-level teaching hospitals in Barcelona (Spain), between January 1990 and December 2017, assessing temporal trends in mortality and sequelae after 12 months over four consecutive 7-year time windows. Rates observed across the four periods were adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: Of the 135 cases included, all but one started tuberculosis (TB) treatment and 120 (89.6%) received rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide, with or without ethambutol. The probability of being alive at month 12 was 81.8%, with no differences among the four periods: in comparison with the 1990-1996 period, the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.55 (0.71-9.25), 0.70 (0.13-3.85), and 1.29 (0.28-5.91) for the 1997-2003, 2004-2010, and 2011-2017 periods respectively. Sequelae were present in 28.3% at month 12, with no differences across the four periods in the adjusted analysis: in comparison with the 1990-1996 period, the odds ratios and 95% CIs were 0.80 (0.09-7.22); 1.94 (0.21-17.96), and 2.42 (0.25-23.07) for the 1997-2003, 2004-2010, and 2011-2017 periods respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows that TBM still causes high mortality and disability even in a high-resource low-incidence TB setting and without improvement over time.

Trauma ocular pediátrico y repercusiones visuales. Revisión sistemática

Introducción: En 2016, aproximadamente 55 millones de pacientes en todo el mundo sufrieron lesiones oculares. La carga de sufrimiento tras las lesiones oculares es muy alta, sobre todo por las consecuencias de estas lesiones, que son en gran parte responsables de la ceguera monocular. Objetivo: Sistematizar los referentes teóricos sobre el trauma ocular pediátrico y su impacto en los resultados visuales. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática del trauma ocular pediátrico y su impacto en los resultados visuales, basada en la literatura publicada en PubMed, Trip Medical Database y British Medical Journal en el periodo 2018-2022. El nivel de evidencia se evaluó mediante la escala de Oxford y se determinó el sexo, la edad, el tipo de lesión ocular, lugar de ocurrencia del trauma ocular y secuelas postlesión reportadas. Resultados: La evidencia recolectada fue principalmente de estudios retrospectivos de corte transversal que corresponde a nivel de evidencia según escala de Oxford 2b. El trauma ocular fue más común en niños (77 %) que en niñas (23 %) y la edad promedio fue de 10,5±1,96 años. Hubo mayor incidencia de trauma ocular cerrado (56%). Los lugares fuera del domicilio fueron los más reportados (64%). En lo que refiere a las consecuencias de los traumatismos oculares en edades pediátricas se pudo observar que la mayor frecuencia reportada fue la no presencia de secuelas (52,16 %), contra el 48,47 % de los repostados con secuelas. Conclusiones: Existen consideraciones básicas que se pueden comunicar al paciente que pueden prevenir efectos graves o permanentes en la visión. El examen oftalmológico profesional permite una evaluación temprana y evita complicaciones por subestimar la lesión ocular aguda.

Introduction: In 2016, approximately 55 million patients worldwide suffered eye injuries. The burden of suffering after eye injuries is very high, especially due to the consequences of these injuries, which are largely responsible for monocular blindness. Objective: To systematize the theoretical references on pediatric ocular trauma and its impact on visual results. Method: A systematic review of pediatric ocular trauma and its impact on visual outcomes was carried out, based on the literature published in PubMed, Trip Medical Database and British Medical Journal in the period 2018-2022. The level of evidence found was evaluated using the Oxford scale and the sex, age, type of ocular injury, place of occurrence of the ocular trauma and reported post-injury sequelae were determined. Results: The evidence collected was mainly from retrospective cross-sectional studies that correspond to the level of evidence according to the Oxford 2b scale. Ocular trauma was more common in boys (77%) than in girls (23%) and the average age was 10.5±1.96 years. There was a higher incidence of blunt ocular trauma (56%). Places outside the home were the most reported (64%). Regarding the consequences of ocular trauma in pediatric ages, it could be observed that the highest frequency reported was the absence of sequelae (52.16%), compared to 48.47% of those refueled with sequelae. Conclusions: There are basic considerations that can be communicated to the patient that can prevent serious or permanent effects on vision. Professional ophthalmological examination allows early evaluation and avoids complications due to underestimation of acute eye injury.

Introdução: Em 2016, aproximadamente 55 milhões de pacientes em todo o mundo sofreram lesões oculares. A carga de sofrimento após lesões oculares é muito elevada, especialmente devido às consequências destas lesões, que são em grande parte responsáveis pela cegueira monocular. Objetivo: Sistematizar os referenciais teóricos sobre trauma ocular pediátrico e seu impacto nos resultados visuais. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre trauma ocular pediátrico e seu impacto nos resultados visuais, com base na literatura publicada no PubMed, Trip Medical Database e British Medical Journal no período 2018-2022. O nível de evidência encontrado foi avaliado pela escala de Oxford e foram determinados sexo, idade, tipo de lesão ocular, local de ocorrência do trauma ocular e sequelas pós-lesão relatadas. Resultados: As evidências coletadas foram principalmente provenientes de estudos transversais retrospectivos que correspondem ao nível de evidência da escala Oxford 2b. O trauma ocular foi mais comum em meninos (77%) do que em meninas (23%) e a idade média foi de 10,5±1,96 anos. Houve maior incidência de trauma ocular contuso (56%). Os locais fora de casa foram os mais relatados (64%). Quanto às consequências do trauma ocular em idade pediátrica, pôde-se observar que a maior frequência relatada foi a ausência de sequelas (52,16%), contra 48,47% dos reabastecidos com sequelas. Conclusões: Existem considerações básicas que podem ser comunicadas ao paciente e que podem prevenir efeitos graves ou permanentes na visão. O exame oftalmológico profissional permite avaliação precoce e evita complicações por subestimação da lesão ocular aguda.

Secuelas respiratorias clínicas, funcionales y tomográficas de pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19 al año del diagnóstico: ESTUDIO SECUELAR-19 / Clinical, functional and tomographic respiratory sequels of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at one year of diag nosis: SECUELAR-19 TRIAL

Resumen Introducción : Hay información escasa sobre evolución a largo plazo de pacientes hospitalizados por neumo nía COVID-19 moderada (NM) y grave (NG). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar impacto clínico, funcional respiratorio y tomográfico (TACAR) luego del alta a 12 meses del diagnóstico. Métodos : análisis según grupos NM y NG, desatura dores (PD) en prueba de caminata 6 min (PC6M) y patrón tomográfico símil fibrótico (SF). Comparamos resultados a 3 y 12 meses de seguimiento. Resultados : 194 pacientes enrolados, evaluados al año: 103 (53% ): masculinos (62.4%), edad 57.7 ± 10.9 años, comorbilidades (hipertensión arterial 38.8%, dia betes 29.6%, antecedentes respiratorios-AR- 18.4%). Com paramos variables a los 3 y 12 meses (media/DE): CVF 84%(19) a 88(19) (p = 0.01); 27% tuvo CVF<80% al año. En PC6M: 426 metros (108) a 447(92) (p = < 0.01). El 12.8% fue PD al año. NG tuvo mayor SF (40% vs. 27.9% p = 0.021). SF se relacionó con CVF <80% (p = 0.004) en toda la co horte, y NG (p < 0.001). Al año en análisis multivariado se asoció a CVF <80%, AR (OR 4.32, 1.15-16.25), diabetes (OR 2.96, 1.02-8.57) y patrón SF (OR 3.51, 1.25-9.88). PD se asoció a AR (OR 12.2, 2.41-61.85). Discusión : Se observó mejoría en todas las variables al año. Pero al año persisten alteraciones funcionales y tomográficas en <50% de los pacientes. El subgrupo de PD se relacionó a AR. Es importante el seguimiento protocolizado de los pacientes hospitalizados, especial mente los grupos NG, PD y SF.

Abstract Introduction : There is scarce information on longterm evolution of hospitalized patients with moderate (MP) and severe (SP) COVID-19 pneumonia. Objective: to de termine clinical, respiratory function, and tomographic (HRCT) impact after being discharged 12 months after diagnosis. Methods : Analysis according to MP and SP, desatura tor patients (DP) in 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and HRCT fibrotic-like pattern (FLP). Results compared at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. Results : 194 patients enrolled and one year later 103 (53%) were evaluated: gender male (62.4%), age 57.7 ± 10.9 years, comorbidities (arterial hypertension 38.8%, diabetes 29.6%, and respiratory diseases-RD-18.4%). Variables compared 3 months to 12 months (mean/SD): FVC: 84%( 19) to 88%( 19) (p= 0.01). A 27% of patients had FVC<80% at one year. In 6MWT:426 (108) to 447 (92) (p = <0.01). 12.8% are DP in one year. SP had a greater FLP than MP (40% vs. 27.9%, p = 0.021). The FLP group was related to FVC < 80% (p = 0.004) in all patients but only in SP (p < 0.001). After one year, in multivariate analysis, FVC < 80% was associated with RD (OR 4.32, 1.15-16.25), diabetes (OR 2.96, 1.02-8.57) and FLP (OR 3.51, 1.25-9.88). DP were associated with RD (OR 12.2, 2.41-61.85). Discussion : Improvement was observed in all vari ables when comparing 3 to 12 months. However, after one year, functional and tomographic alterations persist in less than 50% of patients. DP subgroup was related to RD. Protocolled follow-up of hospitalized patients is important, especially in SP, DP, and FLP groups.

Evaluación funcional tras SARS-CoV-2 crítico. Estudio de cohortes de la unidad de rehabilitación en un hospital de tercer nivel / Functional evaluation in patient with critical SARS-CoV-2 disease: Cohort study in a third level hospital rehabilitation unit

Introducción: La neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 es una enfermedad infecciosa respiratoria altamente contagiosa que causa disfunción respiratoria, física y psicológica. Presentamos resultados de los pacientes valorados por el Servicio de Rehabilitación al alta de UCI por SARS-CoV-2. Material y método: Estudio de cohortes de pacientes ingresados en UCI por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 desde el 01/10/2020 al 31/07/2021. Recogemos datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes personales, estancia media en UCI y hospital, Barthel, marcha (FAC) y mMRC (preingreso/valoración inicial/alta), desarrollo de patología osteomuscular y/o neurológica y necesidad de tratamiento rehabilitador. Resultados: Muestra de 341 pacientes de los cuales 224 cumplen criterios. Edad media: 63 años (68,75% hombres). Estancia media UCI/hospital: 27/44 días. Valorados por médicos rehabilitadores, facilitamos a los pacientes una guía elaborada por el equipo médico resolviendo dudas del proceso y pautando ejercicios de intensidad y dificultad progresiva, a realizar durante el ingreso y en el domicilio. El 42,86% desarrolló patología neurológica (83,33% del sistema nervioso periférico). El 100% ha realizado fisioterapia respiratoria y el 72,32% ha precisado fisioterapia motora. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, un elevado número de pacientes han precisado tratamiento rehabilitador para su recuperación funcional, destacando el desarrollo de patología neurológica post-COVID. El SARS-CoV-2 genera otras complicaciones, no solo respiratorias, subsidiarias de valorarse y tratarse por los Servicios de Rehabilitación para una recuperación integral que minimice las secuelas.(AU)

Introduction: SARS-COV-2 pneumonia is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes respiratory, physical and psychological dysfunctions. We present the results of patient assessment when they were discharged from the ICU. Material and method: Cohort study of patients affected by SARS-COV-2 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit from 01/10/2020 to 31/07/2021. We collect sociodemographic data, personal history, ICU and hospital stay, Barthel, FAC and mMRC (pre-admission/initial assessment/discharge), development of osteomuscular and/or neurological pathology and need for rehabilitation treatment. Results: A total of 341 patients were evaluated, of which 224 met criteria. The average age was 63 years (68.75% men). Mean ICU/hospital stay were 27/44 days. They were assessed by physiatry, after that, we provide a guide developed by physiatry, solving doubts about the disease and setting exercises of intensity and progressive difficulty, to be carried out during the admission and at home. Neurological pathology was present at 42.86% patients, of whom a 83.33% were peripheral nervous system disease. The total of the sample needed respiratory physiotherapy and a 72.32% motor physiotherapy. Conclusions: In our study, a high number of patients have needed rehabilitation treatment in order to get functional recovery, highlighting the development of post-COVID neurological pathology. SARS-COV-2 generates other complications, not only respiratory, subsidiary to be assessed and treated by rehabilitation services for a comprehensive recovery that minimizes sequelae.(AU)

Las redes sociales: nuevos desafíos en el tratamiento del niño quemado / Social media: new challenges in pediatric burn treatment

Introducción y objetivo: El uso de las redes sociales está ampliamente difundido en los adolescentes y es sin duda una de las formas más comunes de vinculación social con sus pares. La información e imágenes utilizadas para construir el perfil se seleccionan para favorecer lo que se quiere mostrar de cada uno. Las secuelas estéticas del paciente quemado tradicionalmente han sido motivo de preocupación para el cirujano plástico. El amplio uso de las redes sociales ha aumentado notablemente la exposición física, por lo tanto, nos preguntamos cómo influyen las secuelas visibles de las quemaduras en esta forma de relación entre adolescentes. Material y método: Identificamos los niños quemados asistidos en el centro de referencia para el tratamiento de quemaduras pediátricas de Uruguay (UNIQUER) entre 2015 y 2022 con lesiones de gravedad funcional o vital. Seleccionamos aquellos que en el momento de realizar este estudio tuvieran 10 o más años de edad. Confeccionamos un cuestionario digital (Google Forms) que enviamos por mensajería instantánea (Whatsapp) previa autorización de un adulto responsable, y analizamos los datos recuperados. Resultados: Reunimos 51 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales logramos contactar con 32 y obtuvimos 22 respuestas al cuestionario, con edades entre 10 y 19 años. Todos presentaban cicatrices: 9 en cara o cuello (40.9%) y 9 en manos (40.9 %); el resto en zonas menos visibles. De ellos, 17 (77.3 %) requirieron autoinjertos en el episodio agudo y 7 (31.8%) cirugías para tratamiento de secuelas.Encontramos 21 niños (95.4%) que utilizaban al menos una red social. En orden decreciente de frecuencia, la más utilizada era Whatsapp (17, 81%), Tik Tok (13, 61.9%), Instagram (9, 42.9%), Facebook (5, 23.8%), Twitter (3, 14.3%) y otra (3, 14.3%). Además, 18 niños (85.7%) no posteaban fotos con sus cicatrices y 5 (23.8%) utilizaban efectos siempre o algunas veces para disimular sus cicatrices en redes...(AU)

Background and objective: Social media is widely used by teenagers, in fact, it represents one of the main means of communication between them. The images used to construct a profile are specially selected in order to show only what they want to share about themselves. Aesthetic sequelae after burns have traditionally been a concern for reconstructive surgeons. We would like to find out if visible sequelae influence the way these patients interact with social media given the vast physical exposure that they include. Methods: Burned children with severe vital o functional injuries treated between 2015 and 2022 in the national reference center for pediatric burn treatment in Uruguay (UNIQUER) were identified. Those aged 10 or above were selected. We designed a digi-tal form (Google Forms) that was sent by instant messaging (Whatsapp) to the selected population with an adult previous authorization and we analyzed the collected data. Results: Fifty-one patients met the inclusion criteria, we contacted 32 and obtained 22 responses to the questionnaire; patients aged between 10 and 19 years. All had scars: 9 in face or neck (40.9%) and 9 in hands (40.9 %). The rest of the scars were in less visible places. Of them, 17 (77.3%) required autografts in the acute episode and 7 (31.8%) required surgeries to treat sequelae. We found 21 children (95.4%) who used at least one social network.The most used was Whatsapp (17,81%), Tik Tok (13,61.9%), Instagram (9,42.9%), Facebook (5,23.8%), Twitter (3,14.3%) and other (3,14.3%). Furthermore, 18 children (85.7%) do not post photos with their scars and 5 (23.8%) always or sometimes used effects to hide their scars on social networks. Of the total, 12 patients (54.5%) reported having felt discrimination because of their scars and 9 (40.9%) had been victims of bullying; 14 (63.6%) would be interested in participating in campaigns to prevent discrimination against people with scars...(AU)

Protocolo para la detección, prevención y actuación en los supuestos casos de violencia basada en el género y la discriminación

Se presenta un protocolo para prevenir, evitar y actuar ante situaciones de violencia basada en el género en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Este protocolo establece las medidas necesarias para identificar las situaciones de violencia que suceden en el entorno universitario, ya sea hacia estudiantes o profesores con el objetivo de investigarlas, proponer soluciones y atenuar sus consecuencias. El rigor metodológico y científico del diseño presentado permite ofrecer a la comunidad universitaria, un protocolo de gran utilidad, que está en concordancia con la Estrategia Integral de Prevención y Atención a la Violencia de Género y la Violencia en el Escenario Familiar y el Plan de Adelanto a la Mujer que se implementa en Cuba.

A protocol is presented to prevent, avoid and act in situations of gender-based violence at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos. This protocol establishes the necessary measures to identify situations of violence that occur in the university environment, whether towards students or teachers, with the aim of investigating them, proposing solutions and mitigating their consequences. The methodological and scientific rigor of the design presented allows us to offer the university community a very useful protocol that is in accordance with the Comprehensive Strategy for Prevention and Attention to Gender Violence and Violence in the Family Setting and the Advancement Plan to Women that is implemented in Cuba.

Consideraciones médico-legales laborales de la fórmula de Balthazard / Occupational medical-legal considerations of the Balthazard formula

La determinación del porcentaje de pérdida en pacientes lesionados con múltiples secuelas por riesgos de trabajo resulta un verdadero reto para el perito, esto adquiere mayor relevancia cuando en el fuero judicial se pueden presentar discrepancias en los criterios para el uso o no de fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo. La fórmula de suma combinada, creada por el Médico Forense Víctor Balthazard, no es más que un ordenamiento de una regla de tres que ordena los porcentajes otorgados a cada secuela de mayor a menor para evitar que el porcentaje final sobrepase el 100%, o bien que resulte en un porcentaje mayor que una secuela única puntuada en el baremo y que por gravedad en la intensidad de la misma resulte con un porcentaje menor al calculado por la secuela múltiple y que se ha utilizado en fueros laborales y de seguridad social alrededor del mundo. El Baremo contenido en el Código de Trabajo no establece explícitamente la forma en que se calcula el porcentaje de pérdida por secuelas múltiples, lo cual brinda libertad al perito para utilizar fórmulas, como lo es la fórmula de suma combinada, que permite calcular de forma congruente las pérdidas sucesivas sin sobrepasar a la persona más allá de su capacidad general total del 100% o de otorgar porcentajes mayores a secuelas de mayor gravedad que la suma de las pérdidas por el evento que se está valorando.

The determination of the percentage of loss in injured patients with multiple sequelae due to occupational hazards is a real challenge for the expert, this becomes even more relevant when in the judicial system there may be discrepancies in the criteria for the use or not of mathematical formulas for the calculation. The combined sum formula, created by the Forensic Physician Victor Balthazard, is nothing more than an arrangement of a rule of three that orders the percentages given to each sequel from highest to lowest to avoid that the final percentage exceeds 100%, or that it results in a higher percentage than a single sequel scored in the scale and that due to the severity in the intensity of the same results in a lower percentage than that calculated for the multiple sequel and that has been used in labor and social security courts around the world. The Schedule contained in the Labor Code does not explicitly establish the way in which the percentage of loss for multiple sequelae is calculated, which gives the expert the freedom to use formulas, such as the combined sum formula, which allows a congruent calculation of the successive losses without exceeding the person's total general capacity of 100% or to grant higher percentages to sequelae of greater severity than the sum of the losses for the event being valued.

Serie de 22 casos de ictus isquémico arterial perinatal: factores de riesgo, manejo clínico y secuelas neurológicas / A series of 22 cases of perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke: risk factors, clinical management and neurological sequelae

Introduction. Perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) is almost as common as in adulthood and causes significant neurological sequelae. Aim. The aim is to describe the risk situations surrounding these neonates, the clinical manifestations, the management, the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests and the neurological sequelae. Patients and methods. We conducted an observational study of a cohort of patients consisting of neonates with a gestational age = 35 weeks diagnosed with PAIS in our hospital between 2010 and 2021. Results. Twenty-two cases of PAIS were included, and the incidence in our centre was 1/1,869 live newborns. The data showed that 81.8% had some intrapartum risk factor and 40.9% had a combination of several risk factors. It started with seizures (mean age 27.3 hours) in 77.3% of cases. Patients with a stroke in the left hemisphere had more sequelae (77.8%) than those with a stroke on the right-hand side (16.6%) (p = 0.041), with the exception of infantile cerebral palsy (p = 0.04), while we found no difference between hemispheres in the frequency of language impairment (p = 0.06). The mean follow-up time was 6.13 ± 3.06 years. A total of 63.6% of infants had neurological sequelae: infantile cerebral palsy (40.9%), language disorders (22.7%) and intellectual disability (9%). Moreover, 18.2% developed epilepsy (between 0.25 and 1.8 years) and antiseizure treatment was maintained after discharge in 37.5% of cases in the last years of the study. Conclusions. If a newborn infant presents seizures, it is necessary to rule out the possibility of a stroke. PAIS causes neurological sequelae in over 60% of cases. Early identification is essential to improve the neurological prognosis and avoid the prolonged use of antiseizure drugs where possible. (AU)

Introducción: El ictus cerebral isquémico arterial perinatal (IIAP) es una entidad casi tan frecuente como en la época adulta, que ocasiona secuelas neurológicas importantes.ObjetivoDescribir las situaciones de riesgo que rodean a estos neonatos, la clínica que manifiestan, el manejo, la rentabilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas y las secuelas neurológicas.Pacientes y métodosEstudio observacional de una cohorte de pacientes formada por neonatos = 35 semanas de edad gestacional diagnosticados de IIAP entre 2010 y 2021 en nuestro hospital.ResultadosSe incluyeron 22 casos de IIAP, y su incidencia en nuestro centro fue de 1/1.869 recién nacidos vivos. El 81,8% tuvo algún factor de riesgo intraparto y en el 40,9% se aglutinaron varios. Comenzó con convulsiones (edad media 27,3 horas) el 77,3% de casos. Los pacientes con ictus del hemisferio izquierdo tuvieron más secuelas (77,8%) en comparación con los derechos (16,6%) (p = 0,041), a expensas de la parálisis cerebral infantil (p = 0,04), mientras no encontramos diferencia en la frecuencia de alteraciones del lenguaje (p = 0,06) entre hemisferios. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 6,13 años ± 3,06. El 63,6% de los neonatos tuvo secuelas neurológicas: parálisis cerebral infantil (40,9%), trastornos del lenguaje (22,7%) y discapacidad intelectual (9%). Desarrolló epilepsia el 18,2% (entre 0,25 y 1,8 años) y se mantuvo el tratamiento anticrisis tras el alta en el 37,5% de los casos en los últimos años del estudio.ConclusionesAnte un neonato con convulsiones hay que descartar un ictus cerebral. El IIAP ocasiona secuelas neurológicas en más del 60% de los casos. Su identificación precoz es fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico neurológico y evitar el uso prolongado de fármacos anticrisis cuando resulte posible. (AU)

Principales secuelas de SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de la salud en Baja California, México / Principal sequels of sars-cov-2 in health workers in Baja California, Mexico

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19, impactó en la vida de los trabajadores de la salud por su elevado riesgo de contagio. Objetivo: El objetivo fue describir las principales secuelas secundarias a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de la salud. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en los expedientes clínicos y Nuevo Sistema de Subsidios y Ayudas de los trabajadores de la salud que fueron valuados por una secuela secundaria a la COVID-19 adscritos al Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada de Baja California del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de marzo 2020 a diciembre 2021. Resultados: Se valuaron 41 secuelas: 36,56 % presentaron secuela neuromuscular y 29,26 % pulmonares. Predominaron: el sexo femenino, el personal médico y de enfermería. Conclusiones: Es necesario identificar oportunamente aquellas secuelas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2, para brindar una atención especial a los pacientes vulnerables y otorgar un seguimiento que mejore su calidad de vida. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the lives of health workers due to its high risk of contagion. Objetives: The objective was to describe the principal sequels secondary to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers. Material and methods: Retrospective study of clinical records and the Nuevo Sistema de Subsidios y Ayudas of health workers who were valued for a secondary sequel to COVID-19 assigned to the Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada de Baja California of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, from March 2020 to December 2021. Results: 41 sequelae were valuated, 36,56 % presented neuromuscular sequelae and 29,26 % pulmonary sequelae. Predominated: the female sex, the medical and nursing staff. Conclusions: It is necessary to timely identify those sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2, to provide special care to vulnerable patients and follow-up that improve their quality of life. (AU)

Perfil Neurocognitivo de una cohorte de menores de edad con vivencias de maltrato infantil / Neuropsychological profile of a cohort of children victims of child abuse

El maltrato infantil (MI) es un problema multidimensional. El estrés crónico producido por dicho fenómeno afecta el desarrollo cerebral de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), incidiendo negativamente en la evolución de diversos aspectos del desarrollo, condicionando su vida futura. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el desempeño sociocognitivo de NNA que han vivenciado MI, mediante el análisis de las funciones del neurodesarrollo, evaluado con subpruebas de la NEPSY II. Se analizan funciones ejecutivas y percepción social, bases del razonamiento y adaptación social. Se estudia el desempeño de 14 de NNA pertenecientes a un Programa de la Fundación Súmate, cuya Misión es la recuperación de la escolaridad NNA que han visto alterado el curso de su desarrollo por MI. Los resultados dan cuenta de alteraciones cerebrales asociadas al MI, las que se evidencian en un deficitario desarrollo funcional de las variables estudiadas. Existe grave descenso en los procesos y subprocesos del funcionamiento ejecutivo. En relación con la percepción social, la muestra estudiada presenta un mejor desarrollo, el que desciende a medida que aumenta la edad. Las funciones estudiadas tienen directa relación con el razonamiento cognitivo y desarrollo socio adaptativo, bases sobre las que se estructura el desarrollo académico. Los hallazgos, refuerzan la urgencia de abordar esta sensible realidad desde la práctica médica en la atención primaria y especializada. Los resultados también son de utilidad para orientar el desarrollo de políticas públicas que efectivamente contribuyan al progreso de nuestro país.

Abstract. Child maltreatment (MI) is a multidimensional problem. The chronic stress produced by this phenomenon affects the brain development of children and adolescents (NNA), negatively affecting the evolution of various aspects of development, conditioning their future life. The objective of this study is to analyze the sociocognitive performance of children and adolescents who have experienced IM, through the analysis of the performance of neurodevelopmental functions, evaluated through subtests of the NEPSY II. Executive functions and social perception, reasoning bases and social adaptation are studied. The performance of 14 NNA belonging to a Fundación Súmate Program is studied, whose mission is the recovery of NNA schooling that has seen the course of their development altered by IM. The results show brain alterations associated with MI, evidenced in a deficient functional development of the variables studied. There is a serious decline in the processes and threads of executive functioning. In relation to social perception, the studied sample presents a better development, which decreases as age increases. The functions studied are directly related to cognitive reasoning and socio-adaptive development, based on which academic development is structured. The findings reinforce the urgency of addressing this sensitive reality from medical practice in primary and specialized care. The results are also useful to guide the development of public policies that effectively contribute to the progress of our country.

Characteristics of patients treated for suicidal behavior during the pandemic in a psychiatric emergency department in a Spanish province.

INTRODUCTION: Different studies have suggested that psychological, social and economic factors could contribute to an increase in the suicide. That is why the scientific community fear an epidemic of suicides secondary to this crisis. The objective is to evaluate the variables related to suicidal behavior during the two states of alarm and to review if there were sociodemographic or clinical differences with respect to periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared visits to the emergency room and their characteristics of all patients with suicidal behavior before and after the pandemic in Lérida. Information on sociodemographic status, reason for consultation, diagnosis and characteristics of suicidal behavior was obtained from the electronic medical record. RESULTS: No differences were observed in the percentage of suicidal ideation or attempts in the three periods (p=0.201). The characteristics in the multiple logistic regression associated with suicidal behavior are: being a woman (OR: 1.81 [1.27-2.56]), living with relatives (OR: 1.55 [1.05-2.32]) and have a diagnosis of non-alcohol related substance use disorder (OR: 1.94 [1.09-3.42]). As protective factors, being visited in the emergency room during the second state of alarm (OR: 0.68 [0.48-0.96]) and having depression (OR: 0.67 [0.47-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency care for suicidal behavior did not increase during the pandemic and, in fact, in 2020 completed suicides decreased by almost half in the province. Risk factors for suicide attempt were female gender, living with relatives, and having a substance use disorder diagnosis. Instead, depression was a protective factor.

Alteraciones cognitivas, neurológicas, neuropsicológicas y neuropsiquiátricas en pacientes post-covid-19. Una revisión sistemática / Cognitive, neurological, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric alterations. in post-covid-19 patients

Introducción. El virus SARS CoV-2 causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, reporta cientos de contagios diariamente, las alteraciones y secuelas de este nuevo patógeno han sido reportadas a nivel global, por la gravedad que implica ser adulto mayor y evolucionar de manera grave. Metodología. El presente trabajo tiene un enfoque cualitativo, con intenciones exploratorias y descriptivas de las alteraciones a nivel cognitivo, neuropsicológico, neuropsiquiátrico y neurológico. Resultados. En el análisis fueron incluidos 16 artículos que expresan alteraciones en áreas de funcionamiento que comprometen la calidad de vida en pacientes mayores de 18 años, la evidencia científica es fuerte sobre las alteraciones que provoca el nuevo virus SARS Cov-2, desde el deterioro de la cognición, habilidades visuoespaciales y cefaleas constantes entre otros síntomas, que son de atención desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Conclusiones. La transmisión del virus en la población adulta supone un riesgo a la salud, este estudio evidencia las alteraciones a nivel cognitivo, motor y neurológico siendo la edad un factor que predispone la aparición de secuelas. (AU)

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes theCOVID-19 disease, reports hundreds of infections daily,the alterations and sequelae of this new pathogen have been reported globally, due to the seriousness of being anolder adult and evolving seriously. Methodology. The present work has a qualitative approach, with exploratory and descriptive intentions of the alterations at a cognitive, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric and neurological level. Results. In the analysis, 16 articles were included that express alterations in areas of functioning that compromise the quality of life in patients over 18 years of age, the scientific evidence is strong on the alterations caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, from the deterioration of cognition, visuospatial abilities and constant headachesamong other symptoms, which are of attention from amultidisciplinary perspective. Conclusions. The transmission of the virus in the adult population poses a risk to health, this study shows alterations at the cognitive, motor and neurological level, agebeing a factor that predisposes the appearance of sequelae. (AU)

Luxación femorotibial de rodilla: manejo, posibles complicaciones y secuelas / Femorotibial knee dislocation: management, possible complications and aftermath

La luxación femorotibial es una situación clínica rara, causada normalmente por accidentes de alta energía, pero también por accidentes de baja energía en personas obesas. Es susceptible de ser atendida inicialmente en todos los puntos de acceso al sistema, tanto en Atención Primaria como en puntos de atención continuada, emergencias o en urgencias hospitalarias. Frecuentemente tratada en ámbitos de traumatología, ha sido una lesión poco referida en ámbitos de urgencias y de Atención Primaria. Tanto las lesiones vasculares o nerviosas que puede causar y que ponen en riesgo la viabilidad de la extremidad, como las lesiones musculoesqueléticas que pueden condicionar probables secuelas a largo plazo y que marcarán la relación médico-paciente, hacen de esta lesión una auténtica emergencia médica. Por ello, su correcto manejo precoz, con una valoración neurosensorial prioritaria, una valoración radiológica, una reducción y una inmovilización adecuadas previas al tratamiento definitivo, es determinante para su evolución.(AU)

Femorotibial dislocation is a rare clinical situation, usually caused by high-energy accidents, but also by low-energy accidents in obese people. It is likely to be treated initially at all points of access to the system, both by the family physician, continuous care points, casualty or by the hospital A&E physician. Commonly treated by orthopaedic surgeons, it has been a rarely reported injury in emergency or primary care medicine. Both vascular or neuropathic injuries that can cause and put the limb’s viability at risk, as well as musculoskeletal injuries that can lead to probable long-term sequelae that will determine the relationship between physician and patient, make this injury a real medical emergency. For this reason, its correct early management with priority neurosensory evaluation, a radiological evaluation, suitable reduction and immobilization prior to definitive treatment, becomes decisive for its prognosis.(AU)

[Functional evaluation in patient with critical SARS-CoV-2 disease: Cohort study in a third level hospital rehabilitation unit]. / Evaluación funcional tras SARS-CoV-2 crítico. Estudio de cohortes de la unidad de rehabilitación en un hospital de tercer nivel.

INTRODUCTION: SARS-COV-2 pneumonia is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes respiratory, physical and psychological dysfunctions. We present the results of patient assessment when they were discharged from the ICU. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cohort study of patients affected by SARS-COV-2 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit from 01/10/2020 to 31/07/2021. We collect sociodemographic data, personal history, ICU and hospital stay, Barthel, FAC and mMRC (pre-admission/initial assessment/discharge), development of osteomuscular and/or neurological pathology and need for rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS: A total of 341 patients were evaluated, of which 224 met criteria. The average age was 63 years (68.75% men). Mean ICU/hospital stay were 27/44 days. They were assessed by physiatry, after that, we provide a guide developed by physiatry, solving doubts about the disease and setting exercises of intensity and progressive difficulty, to be carried out during the admission and at home. Neurological pathology was present at 42.86% patients, of whom a 83.33% were peripheral nervous system disease. The total of the sample needed respiratory physiotherapy and a 72.32% motor physiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a high number of patients have needed rehabilitation treatment in order to get functional recovery, highlighting the development of post-COVID neurological pathology. SARS-COV-2 generates other complications, not only respiratory, subsidiary to be assessed and treated by rehabilitation services for a comprehensive recovery that minimizes sequelae.

Impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud del paciente poscrítico / Impact of the COVID-19 on health of critical patient

Introducción: Muchos pacientes perciben síntomas persistentes y deterioro en su calidad de vida tras la COVID-19. El paciente crítico es vulnerable a presentar alteraciones físicas y emocionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la situación funcional y la calidad de vida del paciente poscrítico por la COVID-19. Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio multicéntrico longitudinal prospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados críticos por la COVID-19 con un seguimiento a 6 meses. Se han recogido variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidad, síntomas persistentes, escala SPPB; repercusión respiratoria y TAC pulmonar, índice de Barthel; variables neuropsicológicas, actividad física (escala IPAQ); calidad de vida (EuroQoL), y satisfacción. Resultados: Se han incluido 115 pacientes. El 75% son varones y el 86% obesos o con sobrepeso. El tiempo medio de hospitalización fue de 38,1±18,4 días, precisando ventilación mecánica el 80,9%. El 25% necesitaba ayuda de otra persona para su autocuidado al alta. El 29,2% presentaba normalidad en la TAC pulmonar a los 134,1+70,9 días. A los 6 meses la recuperación funcional fue favorable, aunque el 36,5% percibía debilidad muscular y el 22% presentaba fragilidad. Un 36,5% de los pacientes refirieron falta de concentración. La dimensión más afectada en la calidad de vida fue la referida al dolor (53%), seguida de la ansiedad o depresión. La mayoría realizaba actividad física baja. La satisfacción por el seguimiento clínico fue elevada. Conclusiones: En los pacientes poscríticos por la COVID-19, a los 6 meses del alta hospitalaria prevalecen alteraciones físicas, funcionales y en la calidad de vida.(AU)

Introduction: Many patients perceive persistent symptoms and impairment in their quality of life after COVID-19. The critical patient is vulnerable to presenting physical and emotional alterations. The objective of this study is to assess the functional evolution and quality of life of the critical patient due to COVID-19. Methods: A prospective longitudinal multicenter study was carried out in critically ill hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 with a 6 month follow-up. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, the persistence of symptoms, SPPB scale, pulmonary and respiratory impact, CT scan, Barthel index, neuropsychological variables, physical activity (IPAQ scale), quality of life (Euroqol), and satisfaction were collected. Results: 115 patients were included. 75% are male and 86% are obese or overweight. The average time of hospitalization was 38.1±18.4 days, with 80.9% requiring mechanical ventilation. 25% need help from another person for self-care at discharge. 29.2% had a normal CT lung screening at 134.1+70.9 days. At 6 months, functional recovery is favorable, although 36.5% perceive muscle weakness and 22% present fragility. 36.5% of patients report a lack of concentration. The most affected dimension in quality of life is that referred to pain (53%), followed by anxiety or depression. Most perform low physical activity. Satisfaction with clinical follow-up is high. Conclusions: In post-critical patients due to COVID-19, physical, functional, and quality of life alterations prevail at 6 months after hospital discharge.(AU)

[Impact of the COVID-19 on health of critical patient]. / Impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud del paciente poscrítico.

INTRODUCTION: Many patients perceive persistent symptoms and impairment in their quality of life after COVID-19. The critical patient is vulnerable to presenting physical and emotional alterations. The objective of this study is to assess the functional evolution and quality of life of the critical patient due to COVID-19. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal multicenter study was carried out in critically ill hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 with a 6 month follow-up. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, the persistence of symptoms, SPPB scale, pulmonary and respiratory impact, CT scan, Barthel index, neuropsychological variables, physical activity (IPAQ scale), quality of life (Euroqol), and satisfaction were collected. RESULTS: 115 patients were included. 75% are male and 86% are obese or overweight. The average time of hospitalization was 38.1±18.4 days, with 80.9% requiring mechanical ventilation. 25% need help from another person for self-care at discharge. 29.2% had a normal CT lung screening at 134.1+70.9 days. At 6 months, functional recovery is favorable, although 36.5% perceive muscle weakness and 22% present fragility. 36.5% of patients report a lack of concentration. The most affected dimension in quality of life is that referred to pain (53%), followed by anxiety or depression. Most perform low physical activity. Satisfaction with clinical follow-up is high. CONCLUSIONS: In post-critical patients due to COVID-19, physical, functional, and quality of life alterations prevail at 6 months after hospital discharge.

Presença de risco de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático em policiais militares feridos por arma de fogo / Presence of risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in military police officers wounded by firearms / Presencia de riesgo de trastorno de estrés postraumático en policías militares heridos por armamiento de fuego

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o risco de desenvolvimento de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), bem como sua associação com pensamentos ou tentativas suicidas e a saúde mental de policiais militares feridos por arma de fogo, na Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), nos anos de 2017 a 2019. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 30 entrevistados, que responderam o Inventário Demográfico e a Lista de verificação de TEPT para o DSM-5 (PCL-5). Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica estatística Análise Exploratória de Dados e a técnica multivariada Análise de Correspondência. Os resultados revelaram a existência de risco de desenvolvimento do transtorno de forma parcial ou total em uma expressiva parcela da população entrevistada, tendo homens como maioria dos sintomáticos, com média de 38 anos, exercendo atividades operacionais e vitimados em via pública quando estavam de folga do serviço. O ferimento deixou a maioria com sequelas, com destaque para dores crônicas, limitações de locomoção e/ou mobilidade e perda parcial de um membro. E, ainda, policiais sintomáticos apresentaram comportamentos suicidas, relatando já terem pensado ou tentado tirar a própria vida. Desta forma, conclui-se que policiais militares são expostos constantemente a traumas inerentes a sua profissão. Quando há ameaça de vida, como nos casos de ferimentos por arma de fogo, são suscetíveis a sequelas físicas decorrente do ferimento, somadas a sequelas mentais tardias, como o surgimento de sintomatologias de TEPT e ideação suicida.(AU)

This study aimed to identify the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its associations around suicidal thoughts or attempts and mental health in military police officers injured by firearms, in the Metropolitan Region of Belem (RMB), from 2017 to 2019. The research had the participation of 30 respondents who answered the Demographic Inventory and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). For data analysis, we used the statistical technique Exploratory Data Analysis and the multivariate technique Correspondence Analysis. The results revealed the existence of risk of developing partial or total disorder in a significant portion of the interviewed population, with men as most of the symptomatic individuals, with mean age of 38 years, developing operational activities and victimized on public roads when they were off duty. The injuries left most of them with sequelae, especially chronic pain, limited locomotion and/or mobility, and partial loss of a limb. In addition, symptomatic officers showed suicidal behavior, such as reporting they had thought about or tried to take their own lives. Thus, we conclude that military policemen are constantly exposed to traumas inherent to their profession. When their lives are threatened, as in the case of firearm wounds, they are susceptible to physical sequelae resulting from the injury, in addition to late mental sequelae, such as the appearance of PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el riesgo de desarrollo de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y sus asociaciones con pensamientos o tentativas suicidas y la salud mental en policías militares heridos por armamiento de fuego, en la Región Metropolitana de Belém (Brasil), en el período entre 2017 y 2019. En el estudio participaron 30 entrevistados que respondieron el Inventario Demográfico y la Lista de verificación de TEPT para el DSM-5 (PCL-5). Para el análisis de datos se utilizaron la técnica estadística Análisis Exploratoria de Datos y la técnica multivariada Análisis de Correspondencia. Los resultados revelaron que existen riesgos de desarrollo de trastorno de estrés postraumático de forma parcial o total en una expresiva parcela de la población de policías entrevistados, cuya mayoría de sintomáticos eran hombres, de 38 años en media, que ejercen actividades operacionales y fueron victimados en vía pública cuándo estaban de día libre del servicio. La lesión dejó la mayoría con secuelas, especialmente con dolores crónicos, limitaciones de locomoción y/o movilidad y la pierda parcial de un miembro. Aún los policías sintomáticos presentaran comportamiento suicida, tales como relataran qué ya pensaron o tentaron quitar la propia vida. Se concluye que los policías militaran se exponen constantemente a los traumas inherentes a su profesión. Cuando existe amenaza de vida, como en los casos de heridas por armamiento de fuego, son expuestos a secuelas físicas transcurridas de la herida, sumado a secuelas mentales tardías, como el surgimiento de sintomatologías de TEPT y la ideación suicida.(AU)

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de niños convalecientes de COVID-19 / Clinical-Epidemiological Characterization of Children Convalescent of COVID-19

Introducción: Las secuelas de la enfermedad viral COVID-19 resultan múltiples y más frecuentes en la edad adulta, pero también pueden aparecer en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes pediátricos convalecientes de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal en pacientes menores de 19 años convalecientes de COVID-19, que asistieron a la consulta poscovid-19 del policlínico docente "Mario Escalona Reguera" del municipio Habana del Este. El período del estudio comprendió desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de octubre de 2021. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, historia epidemiológica, comorbilidades, estado durante su ingreso y secuelas en diferentes sistemas. Resultados: Se caracterizaron 474 niños y adolescentes convalecientes de COVID-19. Los mayores de 10 años constituyeron el grupo de edad más afectado, con discreto predominio del sexo masculino. La fuente de infección quedó definida en la mayoría de los pacientes, por contacto autóctono e intradomiciliario. Las comorbilidades más identificadas resultaron el asma bronquial y las sibilancias recurrentes. Durante su ingreso casi la totalidad de los casos se reportaron de cuidado. La tercera parte de los convalecientes presentaron algún tipo de secuelas. Conclusiones: La mayor incidencia de la COVID-19 durante la etapa de la convalecencia se presentaba en niños de 10 años o más, con predominio ligero del sexo masculino. La tercera parte de los pacientes manifestaba algún tipo de secuelas con predominio de las psicológicas, seguidas de las neurológicas.

Introduction: The sequelae of COVID-19 viral disease are multiple and more frequent in adulthood, but can also appear in children and adolescents. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients convalescing from COVID-19. Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study in patients under 19 years old convalescing from COVID-19, who attended the post-COVID-19 consultation at "Mario Escalona Reguera" Teaching Polyclinic in Habana del Este municipality. The study period covered from January 1 to October 31, 2021. The following variables were studied: age, sex, epidemiological history, comorbidities, condition during admission and sequelae in different systems. Results: 474 children and adolescents convalescing from COVID-19 were characterized. Children older than 10 years were the most affected age group, with a slight predominance of the male sex. The source of infection was defined in most patients as autochthonous and intra-home contact. The most identified comorbidities were bronchial asthma and recurrent wheezing. During their admission, almost all cases were reported as seriously ill. One third of convalescents presented some type of sequelae. Conclusions: The highest incidence of COVID-19 during the convalescence stage was in children aged 10 years or older, with a slight predominance of the male sex. One third of the patients showed some type of sequelae, with a predominance of psychological sequelae, followed by neurological sequelae.